Equinox

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A solar equinox is a moment in time when the Sun appears directly above the equator, rather than to its north or south. On the day of the equinox, the Sun rises almost exactly in the east and sets almost exactly in the west. This occurs twice each year, around 20 March and 23 September. An equinox is defined as the time when the plane of Earth's equator passes through the geometric center of the Sun's disk. This is also the moment when Earth's rotation axis is perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line, tilting neither toward nor away from the Sun. Because the Moon and (to a lesser extent) the planets cause Earth's orbit to vary slightly from a perfect ellipse, the equinox is officially defined by the Sun's more regular ecliptic longitude rather than by its declination. The instants of the equinoxes are currently defined to be when the apparent geocentric longitude of the Sun is 0° and 180°. The word is derived from the Latin aequinoctium, from aequa (equal) and nox (night). On the day of an equinox...

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