Agriculture in Australia
Although Australia is mostly arid, the nation is a major agricultural producer and exporter, with around 292,200 people employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing as of February 2026. Agriculture's farm gate output was $100 billion per year for a 5.7% share of GDP in 2023. Farmers and grazers own 135,997 farms, covering 61% of Australia's landmass. Across the country, there is a mix of irrigation and dry-land farming. The success of Australian agriculture has been facilitated by long-term policy settings and promotion of reforms that greatly increase investment and, by extension, overall farming output. There are three main zones: the high rainfall zone of Tasmania and a narrow coastal zone (used principally for dairying and beef production); wheat, sheep zone (cropping (principally winter crops), and the grazing of sheep (for wool, lamb and mutton) plus beef cattle) and the pastoral zone (characterised by low rainfall, less fertile soils, and large scale pastoral activities involving...
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