Kirishitan
Term for Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries
Kirishitan
The Japanese term Kirishitan (吉利支丹, 切支丹, キリシタン, きりしたん; pronounced [kʲiɾiɕi̥ꜜtaɴ]), from Portuguese cristão (cf. Kristang), meaning "Christian", referred to Catholic Christians in Japanese and is used in Japanese texts as a historiographic term for Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries. Modern Japanese has several words for "Christian", of which the most common are the noun form kirisuto-kyōto キリスト教徒, and also kurisuchan クリスチャン. The Japanese word kirishitan キリシタン is used primarily in Japanese texts for the early history of Roman Catholicism in Japan, or in relation to Kakure Kirishitan, hidden Christians. However, English sources on histories of Japan generally use the term "Christian" without distinction. Christian missionaries were known as bateren (from the Portuguese word padre, "father" or "priest") or iruman (from the Portuguese irmão, "brother"). Contemptuous transcriptions such as 切支丹 and 鬼利死丹 (which use kanji with negative connotations) came into use during the Edo Period...
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