Calvin cycle

Uncommon card · No. 121907

The Calvin cycle, bio synthetic phase, dark reactions, or photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR) cycle of photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose. The Calvin cycle is present in all photosynthetic eukaryotes and also many photosynthetic bacteria. In plants, these reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled region of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. These reactions use the products (ATP and NADPH) of the light-dependent reactions and carry out further chemical processes on them. The Calvin cycle uses the chemical energy of ATP and the reducing power of NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce sugars for the plant to use. These substrates undergo a series of oxidoreduction (redox) reactions to produce sugars in a stepwise process; there is no direct reaction that converts several molecules of CO2 into a sugar. There are three phases to the light-independent reactions, collectively...

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