British Uganda Programme
1903 plan for a Jewish homeland in British East Africa
British Uganda Programme
The British Uganda Programme, also known as the Uganda Scheme, was a 1903–05 proposal by the British Empire to establish a semi-autonomous Jewish territory in British East Africa. Conceived during the height of European imperial expansion, the plan emerged from Britain's strategic interests in developing the East Africa Protectorate and offsetting the financial burdens of the newly built Uganda Railway. It was promoted to Theodor Herzl by Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain as a potential refuge for Jews fleeing antisemitic violence in Eastern Europe, particularly following the Kishinev pogrom. The scheme provoked intense debate within the Zionist movement, challenging the primacy of Palestine as the focus of Jewish national aspirations. Herzl presented the Uganda Scheme at the Sixth Zionist Congress, which was divided on the proposal but authorized a commission to assess the territory. Widespread opposition from both Zionist delegates and white settlers in East Africa ultimately led...
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