Mataram Sultanate

Common card · No. 208994

The Sultanate of Mataram () was an early modern state based on the island of Java that lasted from the late 16th century to the 18th century. At its peak, Mataram was one of the most powerful kingdoms in the Indonesian archipelago and Southeast Asia. Along with Aceh and Makassar, it has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia's major "gunpowder empires." At its greatest extent, Mataram's territory spanned most of mainland Java and Madura, with vassals in Palembang, Sukadana, and Jambi. Mataram reached its peak of power during the reign of Sultan Agung Anyokrokusumo (r. 1613–1645) after the conquest of his most powerful rival, the prosperous state of Surabaya. Sultan Agung's death set off a period of gradual decline as his successors endeavoured to consolidate his empire. The revolt of a Madurese prince in 1677 resulted in the sacking of the court and the death of Susuhunan Amangkurat I in exile. His son, Susuhunan Amangkurat II, requested military assistance from the Dutch East India...

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