Gallium

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Gallium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Discovered by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in Paris, France, 1875, elemental gallium is a soft, silvery metal at standard temperature and pressure with a complex orthorhombic crystal structure. In its liquid state, it becomes silvery white. If enough force is applied, solid gallium may fracture conchoidally. Gallium does not occur as a free element in nature, but rather as gallium(III) compounds in trace amounts in zinc ores (such as sphalerite) and in bauxite. The melting point of gallium, 29.7646 °C (85.5763 °F; 302.9146 K), is used as a temperature reference point. One of only four metal elements that is liquid at, or near, normal room temperature, gallium will melt in a person's hands at normal human body temperature of 37 °C (99 °F). Gallium alloys with low temperatures are used in thermometers as a non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternative to mercury, and can withstand higher temperatures...

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