Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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Since 2004, an insurgency has been fought in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by Islamist militant groups such as the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Jundallah, Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI), the Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM), Al-Qaeda, and their Central Asian allies such as the Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISKP), Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, East Turkistan Movement, Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, Ittihad-ul-Mujahideen Pakistan, and elements of organised crime. Before being transformed into an insurgency in 2017, the conflict was a war. The armed conflict began in 2004 when tensions rooted in the Pakistan Army's search for Al-Qaeda fighters in its mountainous Waziristan region escalated into large-scale armed resistance. Pakistan's actions were presented as its contribution to the U.S. war on terror. The Al-Qaeda terrorists fled Afghanistan seeking refuge in the bordering Federally Administered Tribal Areas. Pakistan had already joined the US-led war on terror after the 9/11...

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