Anti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany

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Anti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany comprised more than 400 laws, decrees, and regulations enacted between the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 and the outbreak of WWII in Europe in 1939. These measures were issued by national, state, and municipal authorities and progressively excluded those deemed Jews from German public and private life. They restricted employment, education, and property rights while also removing political, legal, and civil rights. The first major measures were introduced in 1933 which excluded Jews from the civil service and restricted their participation in the legal, medical, educational, and cultural professions. The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 followed, defining Jewish status principally by ancestry, depriving Jews of citizenship, and prohibited Jewish interracial marriage. Persecution further intensified starting 1937 through the forced transfer of Jewish property. Following Kristallnacht in November 1938, further decrees expelled Jewish children from public...

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