Garbage in, garbage out

Uncommon card · No. 191968

In computer science, garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) is the concept that flawed, biased or poor quality (garbage) information or input produces a result or output of similar ("garbage") quality. The saying points to the need to improve data quality in, for example, programming. Rubbish in, rubbish out (RIRO) is an alternate wording. The principle applies to all logical argumentation: soundness implies validity, but validity does not imply soundness. In other words, assumptions matter: even if the argument’s form is perfectly logical, if the assumptions are false from the start, a false result is the likely outcome.

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