Common
Skyrmion
Type of topological solutions in non-linear sigma models
Skyrmion
In particle theory, the skyrmion () is a topologically stable field configuration of a certain class of non-linear sigma models. The term was first used in 1979 to name a model of the nucleon by proposed in 1961 by Tony Skyrme. As a topological soliton in the pion field, it has the remarkable property of being able to model, with reasonable accuracy, multiple low-energy properties of the nucleon, simply by fixing the nucleon radius. It has since found application in solid-state physics, as well as having ties to certain areas of string theory. Skyrmions as topological objects are important in solid-state physics, especially in the emerging technology of spintronics. A two-dimensional magnetic skyrmion, as a topological object, is formed, e.g., from a 3D effective-spin "hedgehog" (in the field of micromagnetics: out of a so-called "Bloch point" singularity of homotopy degree +1) by a stereographic projection, whereby the positive north-pole spin is mapped onto a far-off edge circle of a...
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