Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty

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The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the Heraclian dynasty from 610 to 711 AD. The Heraclian period encompassed the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, the Early Muslim conquests, and major political, military, religious, and administrative changes that transformed the Roman Empire in the eastern Mediterranean. The reign of Heraclius began during a period of severe crisis, when the Empire was at war with the Sasanian Empire and faced political instability and military pressure on several fronts. Heraclius is generally considered to have probably been of Armenian descent, although the origins of his family remain debated and some sources associate his family with Cappadocia. At the beginning of the dynasty, the Empire retained much of the political, institutional, and cultural heritage of the Roman state of Late Antiquity. During the seventh century, however, prolonged warfare, territorial losses, economic disruption, demographic changes, and internal religious controversies contributed...

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