Head of state

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A head of state is the highest ranking official in a sovereign state. They may also be the head of government, or they may merely perform ceremonial duties. A head of state can be a monarch (such as a king or a prince) or a president. In a parliamentary system, such as India or the United Kingdom, the head of state usually has mostly ceremonial powers, with a separate head of government. Conversely, in presidential systems, the head of state is also the head of government. Former French president Charles de Gaulle, while developing the current Constitution of France (1958), said that the head of state should embody l'esprit de la nation ("the spirit of the nation").

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