Arbuscular mycorrhiza
Symbiotic penetrative association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant
Arbuscular mycorrhiza
An arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) (plural mycorrhizae) is a type of mycorrhiza in which the symbiont fungus (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or AMF) penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant forming arbuscules. Arbuscular mycorrhiza is a type of endomycorrhiza along with ericoid mycorrhiza and orchid mycorrhiza (not to be confused with ectomycorrhiza). They are characterized by the formation of unique tree-like structures, the arbuscules. In addition, globular storage structures called vesicles are often encountered. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are formed by fungi in the subphylum Glomeromycotina and some fungi from the Mucoromycotina. These subphyla, along with the Mortierellomycotina, form the phylum Mucoromycota, a sister clade of the more well-known and diverse dikaryan fungi. AM fungi help plants to capture nutrients such as phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen and micronutrients from the soil. It is believed that the development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis played a...
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