Hadith

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Hadith (Arabic: حديث) is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account [of an event]' and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle (companions in Sunni Islam, Ahl al-Bayt in Shia). These traditions initially circulated in early post-prophetic discussions, often without formal attribution. They began to be systematically compiled between the 7th and 10th centuries by Islamic scholars (muhaddiths), who organized them first according to the primary authority to whom they were attributed and subsequently by subject matter. In later traditions, each hadith is associated with a isnad, a lineage of people who reportedly heard and repeated the hadith from which the source of the hadith can be traced. In the following centuries, hadith scholars established criteria to verify the authenticity of these narrations (Hadith sciences), with categories such as sahih ('authentic...

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