Northumbrian Old English

Common card · No. 334189

Northumbrian was a language now considered a dialect of Old English spoken in the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria. Together with Mercian, Kentish and West Saxon, it forms one of the sub-categories of Old English devised and employed by modern scholars. The dialect was spoken from the Humber, now within England, to the Firth of Forth, now within Scotland. Most of the earliest surviving Old English texts were written in Northumbrian, such as Cædmon's Hymn (7th century) and Bede's Death Song (8th century). Other works, including the bulk of Cædmon's poetry, have been lost. Other examples of this dialect are the Runes on the Ruthwell Cross from the Dream of the Rood. Also in Northumbrian are the 9th-century Leiden Riddle and the late 10th century gloss of the Lindisfarne Gospels. Today, the Scots language (including Ulster Scots) is descended from the Northumbrian language, as are modern Northumbrian, Cumbrian, Yorkshire and Lancashire dialects.

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