Pale of Calais
Exclave controlled by England during the Middle Ages
Pale of Calais
The Pale of Calais was an exclave and parliamentary borough of England across the Strait of Dover from 1347 to 1558. The land enclosing Calais was taken following the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the subsequent Siege of Calais, and was confirmed at the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360, in the reign of Edward III of England. It became an important market for English wool, an industrial hub for Europe's textile trade centred in Flanders, and the English gateway to continental Europe. The Pale also defended England as the outermost, permanently fortified stronghold at the narrowest point between Britain and the rest of Europe. Its proximity allowed England to garrison, reinforce and supply it quickly across the Channel. The exclave was bilingual with English and Flemish commonly spoken. It was represented in Parliament by the Calais constituency and participated in the English Reformation. During the reign of Mary I of England (who was also Queen consort of Spain), the Pale was retaken by the French...
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