Nitrogen-vacancy center
Point defect in diamonds
Nitrogen-vacancy center
The nitrogen-vacancy center (N-V center or NV center) is one of numerous photoluminescent point defects in diamond. It consists of a nearest-neighbor pair of a nitrogen atom, which substitutes for a carbon atom, and a lattice vacancy. The most explored and useful properties of an NV center include its spin-dependent photoluminescence (which enables measurement of the electronic spin state using optically detected magnetic resonance), and its relatively long spin coherence at room temperature, lasting up to milliseconds. The NV center energy levels are modified by magnetic fields, electric fields, temperature, and strain, which allow it to serve as a sensor of a variety of physical phenomena. Its atomic size and spin properties can form the basis for useful quantum sensors. NV centers enable nanoscale measurements of magnetic and electric fields, temperature, and mechanical strain with improved precision. Beyond sensing, NV centers have been investigated as room-temperature polarization...
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