Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
The demographics of the Republic of Ireland are characterized by a growing and gradually ageing population, with population growth driven by both natural increase and sustained net immigration, the latter becoming increasingly significant in recent decades. As of the 2022 Irish census, the population of the state stood at 5,149,139. More recent estimates from 2025 by the Central Statistics Office indicate the population has continued to expand to over 5.4 million. As of 2025, Eurostat data indicates that approximately 23.3% of the state's resident population is foreign-born. The country enjoys a high life expectancy of approximately 82.4 years (84.5 for women and 80.4 for men). Fertility rates have fallen to approximately 1.49 children per woman, which is below the replacement level of 2.1, and the national birth rate has declined to roughly 9.9 births per 1,000 population. The population is gradually ageing, with the proportion of older age groups increasing. Over the last three decades...
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