Cromwellian conquest of Ireland

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The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, 1649 to 1653, refers to the defeat of the Irish Catholic Confederation and their allies, by forces of the Commonwealth of England, led by Oliver Cromwell. It concluded the 1641 to 1653 Irish Confederate Wars and 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which modern estimates generally agree led to an overall decline in the pre-1641 Irish population of over 15%, due to war, famine and disease. The Irish Rebellion of 1641 brought much of Ireland under the control of the Catholic Confederation, who engaged in a multi-sided contest with Royalists, Parliamentarians, Scots Covenanters, and local Presbyterian militia. Following the execution of Charles I in January 1649, the Confederates and their former Royalist opponents allied against the newly established Commonwealth of England. Cromwell landed near Dublin in August 1649 with an expeditionary force, and by the end of 1650 the Confederacy had been defeated, although sporadic guerrilla warfare continued...

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