Intelligence quotient
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
Intelligence quotient
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardised tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. Originally, IQ was a quotient obtained by dividing a person's estimated mental age, obtained by administering an intelligence test, by the person's chronological age. The resulting fraction was multiplied by 100 to obtain the IQ score. For modern IQ tests, the raw score is transformed to a normal distribution with mean 100 and standard deviation 15. This results in approximately two-thirds of the population scoring between IQ 85 and IQ 115 and about 2 percent each above 130 and below 70. Scores from intelligence tests are estimates of intelligence. Unlike quantities such as distance or mass, a concrete measure of intelligence cannot be achieved given the abstract nature of the concept. IQ scores have been shown to be associated with factors such as nutrition, parental socioeconomic status, morbidity and mortality, parental social status, and perinatal...
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