

Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
The state of democracy in Middle East and North Africa can be comparatively assessed according to various definitions of democracy. De jure democracies in the Middle East and North Africa are according to system of government: Parliamentary republic: Iraq, Israel, Lebanon Presidential republic: Syria, Tunisia, Turkey Semi-presidential republic: Algeria, Egypt, Mauritania The V-Dem Democracy indices ranked in 2024 Iraq, Israel, Mauritania and Tunisia as the Middle Eastern and North African countries with the highest democracy scores. The Economist Group's Democracy Index rated Cyprus and Israel as the only "flawed democracies" and no country as "full democracy" in the region for 2025. Events of the Arab Spring such as the Tunisian Revolution may indicate a move towards democracy in some countries which may not be fully captured in the democracy index. In 2015, Tunisia became the first Arab country classified as free since the beginning of Lebanon's civil war 40 years ago. Theories are...
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