Federation

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A federation (also called a federal state) is a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component units and the division of power between them and the central government are constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered unilaterally by either the central or constituent-unit authorities without following the constitutional amendment process. Sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs. Some federal constitutions give the central authority exceptional powers that depart from the ordinary division of powers. In India, the Constitution requires the Union to protect states against internal disturbance and permits President's Rule when a state government cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution; it also authorizes Parliament...

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