An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races

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An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (originally: Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines), published between 1853 and 1855, is a racialist work of French diplomat and writer Arthur de Gobineau. It argues that there are intellectual differences between human races, that civilizations decline and fall when the races are mixed and that the white race is superior. It is considered to be an influential early example of scientific racism. Expanding upon Boulainvilliers' use of ethnography to defend the Ancien Régime against the claims of the Third Estate, Gobineau aimed for an explanatory system universal in scope: namely, that race is the primary force determining world events. Using scientific disciplines as varied as linguistics and anthropology, Gobineau divides the human species into three major groupings, white, yellow and black, claiming to demonstrate that "history springs only from contact with the white races." Among the white races, he distinguishes the Aryan race, specifically...

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