Battle of the Mediterranean

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The Battle of the Mediterranean was the naval campaign fought in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II. It began on 10 June 1940, when Italy declared war on the United Kingdom and France and bombed Malta the following day, and ended on 2 May 1945 with the formal surrender of German and Italian Fascist forces in Italy. It was part of the broader Mediterranean and Middle East Theater of the war, which include operations across the Mediterranean basin and the Horn of Africa. The campaign was fought primarily between the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina), supported by the naval and air forces of its Axis partners, Nazi Germany and Vichy France, and the British Royal Navy, supported by other Allied naval forces, such as those of Australia, the Netherlands, Poland, and Greece. In November 1942, American naval and air units joined the Allies, while the Vichy French scuttled the bulk of their fleet to prevent the Germans seizing it. As part of the Armistice of Cassibile in September 1943, most...

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