Common
Catholic Church and Judaism
The Catholic Church and Judaism have a long and complex history of cooperation and conflict, and have had a strained relationship throughout history that has improved since the twentieth century. Both claim a common heritage of tradition, going back to Abraham and insist that they are the true extension of faith described in the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible, which they evoke to establish their authority and justify their status as God's covenantal partner. Both religions have roots in the period of Second Temple Judaism and only gradually over the next centuries separated from each other while engaging in mutual polemics. Though initially persecuted, Christianity was legitimised in 313 and was declared the official religion of the Roman Empire in 380, which led to increasing restrictions on the Jews by the imperial government. Based on the teachings of Paul and Augustine of Hippo as well as Roman law, the Catholic Church opted to allow Jews to live in the now Christian Empire in their...
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