Colonization of Mars

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The colonization of Mars is the proposed process of establishing permanent human settlements on the planet Mars. While most colonization concepts focus on settling, colonization is a broader ethical concept. International space law has limited colonization, and national space programs have avoided it, instead focusing on human missions to Mars for exploring the planet. The settlement of Mars would require the migration of humans to the planet, the establishment of a permanent human presence, and the use of local resources. Despite the absence of crewed missions to Mars, there have been successful robotic missions to the planet. Public space agencies (including NASA, ESA, Roscosmos, ISRO, and the CNSA, among others) have explored colonization concepts, but have primarily focused on further robotic exploration of Mars and the possibility of crewed landings. Some space advocacy groups, such as the Mars Society and the National Space Society, as well as some private organizations, such as...

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