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Ancient maritime history
Maritime history dates back thousands of years. The earliest watercraft used by humans were rafts, as they needed less sophisticated wood-working skills to make. The oldest archaeological survival of a prehistoric boat is a dugout canoe, the Pesse canoe, which dates to approximately 10,000 years ago. Dugouts probably coexisted with hide-covered boats, which are much less likely to survive for archaeological investigation. Some evidence suggests that archaic hominins may have crossed the sea as early as 700,000 to one million years ago. In ancient maritime history, evidence of maritime trade between civilizations dates back at least five millennia. Egyptians had trade routes through the Red Sea, importing spices from the "Land of Punt" and from Arabia, and the Sumerians traded with the Indus Valley civilization around the same time. By the time of Julius Caesar of the Roman Empire, several well-established combined land-sea trade routes depended upon water transport through the sea around...
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