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UMkhonto weSizwe
Armed wing of the African National Congress
UMkhonto weSizwe
uMkhonto weSizwe (Xhosa pronunciation: [um̩ˈkʰonto we ˈsizwe]; abbreviated MK; lit. 'Spear of the Nation') was the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress (ANC), founded by Nelson Mandela in the wake of the Sharpeville massacre. Its objective was to bring armed pressure on South Africa's National Party-led government to abandon its policy of racial segregation, known as apartheid. It carried out attacks on military and civilian targets. After warning the South African government in June 1961 of its intent to increase resistance if the government did not take steps toward constitutional reform and increase political rights, uMkhonto weSizwe launched its first attacks against government installations on 16 December 1961. uMkhonto weSizwe was subsequently banned and classified as a terrorist group by the South African government. For a time it was headquartered in Rivonia, which was rural at that time but is now an affluent suburb of Johannesburg. On 11 July 1963, nineteen ANC and...
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