Gran Sasso raid
1943 Nazi German raid to free Benito Mussolini from prison
Gran Sasso raid
The Gran Sasso raid on 12 September 1943 freed Benito Mussolini from imprisonment in a hotel on the Gran Sasso d'Italia massif. The World War II operation was codenamed Operation Oak (German: Unternehmen Eiche) by the German military. This raid, carried out by German paratroopers and Waffen-SS was personally ordered by Adolf Hitler, approved by General Kurt Student, and planned and executed by Major Harald Mors. Hauptsturmführer Otto Skorzeny’s role was more opportunistic and subordinate, at best. Operation Oak was marketed as a stunning military feat by Nazi propagandists, aiming to provide a morale boost at a low point in the war for Germany. In fact, the Germans controlled the territory around the hotel and were never in great danger.
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