Glyndŵr rebellion

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The Glyndŵr rebellion was a Welsh rebellion led between 1400 and c. 1416 by Owain Glyndŵr against the Kingdom of England during the Late Middle Ages. During the rebellion's height, Owain exercised control over the majority of Wales after capturing several of the most powerful Ring of Iron castles, and formed a parliament at Machynlleth. The revolt was the last major manifestation of Welsh independence before the annexation of Wales into England in 1542–43. The uprising began in 1400, when Owain Glyndŵr, a descendant of several Welsh royal dynasties, claimed the title Prince of Wales following a dispute with a neighbouring English lord. In 1404, after a series of successful castle sieges and battlefield victories, Owain summoned a parliament, later announcing plans to reintroduce the traditional Welsh laws of Hywel Dda, establish an independent Welsh church, and build two universities. Owain also formed an alliance with Charles VI of France, and in 1405 a French army landed in Wales to...

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