Gondwana

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Gondwana ( gon-DWAHN-ə; Sanskrit: गोण्डवन, romanized: Gōṇḍavana, lit. 'forest of the Gonds', pronounced [goːɳɖɐʋɐnɐ], commonly called Gondwanaland, was a supercontinent. The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Zealandia, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent. Gondwana was formed by the accretion of several cratons during the Neoproterozoic (large stable blocks of the Earth's crust), beginning c. 800 to 650 million years ago (Ma) with the East African Orogeny, the collision of India and Madagascar with East Africa, and culminating in c. 600 to 530 Ma with the overlapping Brasiliano and Kuunga orogenies, the collision of South America with Africa, and the addition of Australia and Antarctica, respectively. Eventually, Gondwana became the largest piece of continental crust of the Paleozoic Era, covering an area of some 100,000,000 km2 (39,000,000 sq mi), about one-fifth of the Earth's surface. It...

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