Maxwell's equations

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Maxwell's equations are a set of coupled partial differential equations that describe how electric and magnetic fields are generated by electric charges and currents. Together with the Lorentz force law, they form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, and electric and magnetic circuits. The equations provide a mathematical model for electrical, optical, and radio technologies, such as power generation, electric motors, Wireless communication, lenses, and radar. Maxwell's equations have two major variants: The microscopic equations have universal applicability but are unwieldy for common calculations. They relate the electric and magnetic fields to total charge and total current, including the complicated charges and currents in materials at the atomic scale. The macroscopic equations define two new auxiliary fields that describe the large-scale behaviour of matter without having to consider atomic-scale charges and quantum phenomena like spins. However, their...

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