History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Aspect of German political history
History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany
The foundation of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) can be traced back to the 1860s, and it has represented the centre-left in German politics for much of the 20th and 21st centuries. From 1891 to 1959, the SPD theoretically espoused Marxism. The SPD has been the ruling party at several points, first under Friedrich Ebert and Philipp Scheidemann in 1918. The party was outlawed in Nazi Germany but returned to government in 1969 with Willy Brandt. Meanwhile, the East German branch of the SPD was merged with the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany. In the modern Federal Republic of Germany, the SPD's main rival has historically been the centre-right Christian Democratic Union. As of May 2025 the SPD serves in a coalition government with the CDU, with Friedrich Merz (CDU) as chancellor and Lars Klingbeil (SPD) as vice-chancellor.
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