National Front (Iran)

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The National Front of Iran (Persian: جبهه‌ ملی ایران, romanized: Jebhe-ye Melli-ye Irân) is an opposition political organization in Iran. Founded in 1949 by Mohammad Mosaddegh, it is the country's oldest—and arguably largest—pro-democracy group operating inside Iran, although it has never regained the prominence it enjoyed in the early 1950s. Initially, the National Front was an umbrella organization for a broad coalition of forces with nationalist, liberal-democratic, socialist, bazaari, secular and Islamic tendencies, that mobilized to successfully campaign for the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry. In 1951, the National Front formed a government which was deposed by the 1953 Iranian coup d'état and subsequently repressed. Members attempted to revive the National Front in 1960, 1965, and 1977. Before 1953 and throughout the 1960s, the National Front was torn by strife between secular and religious elements. Over time its coalition split into various squabbling factions, with...

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