Kokkashugi

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Kokkashugi (国家主義, kokkashugi; "statism", "etatism", or "state nationalism") was a statist political ideology that emerged in Japan during the late Meiji period and became one of the foundations of the political order of the Empire of Japan during the early decades of the Shōwa era. In historiography, kokkashugi is generally regarded not as a form of ordinary patriotism but as a coherent political doctrine that defined itself in opposition to liberal democracy, popular sovereignty, political pluralism, and the concept of natural individual rights. Unlike the liberal tradition, which derived political legitimacy from the will of citizens, kokkashugi located the source of sovereignty in the state, embodied in the figure of the Emperor of Japan (tennō) and the historical community of the Japanese nation. The ideology combined elements of conservative traditionalism, ultranationalism, Japanese militarism, imperialism, Pan-Asianism, State Shinto, and a dirigiste economy, presenting itself as...

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