Spina bifida

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Spina bifida (SB; ; Latin for 'split spine') is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. Meningocele and myelomeningocele may be collectively referred to as spina bifida cystica (also called spina bifida aperta) due to the protrusion of the spinal cord and/or meninges through defects in the vertebral arches, resulting in a meningeal cyst. The most common location is the lower back, but in rare cases it may be in the middle back or neck. Occulta has no or only mild signs, which may include a hairy patch, dimple, dark spot or swelling on the back at the site of the gap in the spine, while cystica shows clear external meningeal cyst from the protrusion of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. Meningocele typically causes mild problems, with a sac of fluid present at the gap in the spine. Myeloschisis, also...

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