Water injection (engine)

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In internal combustion engines, water injection, also known as anti-detonant injection (ADI), can spray water into the incoming air or air–fuel mixture, or directly into the combustion chamber to cool certain parts of the induction system where "hot points" could produce premature ignition. In jet engines—particularly early turbojets or engines in which it is not practical or desirable to have an afterburner—water injection may be used to increase engine thrust, particularly at low altitudes and at takeoff. Water injection was used historically to increase the power output of military aviation engines for short durations, such as during aerial combat or takeoff. It has also been used in motor sports and notably in drag racing. In Otto cycle engines, the cooling effect of water injection enables greater compression ratios by reducing engine knocking (detonation), which allows significant performance gains when used in conjunction with a supercharger, turbocharger, or modifications such as...

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