Foot-and-mouth disease

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), also known as hoof-and-mouth disease (HMD), is a viral infection that primarily affects cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and other even-toed ungulates. It results in fever lasting two to three days, blisters inside the mouth and near the hoof that rupture and make walking difficult. Onset is two days to two weeks after exposure. Other complications may include decreased milk output, miscarriage, and poor weight gain. While death is uncommon in adults, it can occur in 25% of young animals in certain species. It is due to seven types of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The virus is highly infectious and can spread through contact with contaminated farming equipment, vehicles, clothing, animal feed, and pets. It can also spread through the air. Animals may be infectious before symptoms develop. More than 70 types of animals are susceptible to various degrees; though not horses. Certain animals, particularly cattle, may continue to carry and spread the virus for...

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