
Unit 731
Japanese biological and chemical warfare unit (1936–1945)

Japanese biological and chemical warfare unit (1936–1945)
Unit 731 (731部隊, Nana-san-ichi Butai) was a secret biological and chemical warfare research unit run by the Imperial Japanese Army between 1933 and 1945. Officially known as the Manchu Detachment 731, it was also referred to as the Kamo Detachment and the Ishii Unit. The main facility was based in the Pingfang district of Harbin, located within the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo (which is now Northeast China). From there, the unit managed multiple branches across mainland China and Southeast Asia under the "Epidemic Prevention Department" umbrella. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the unit launched the largest biological weapons attacks in history. They killed an estimated 200,000 people in various cities and villages by intentionally poisoning water supplies, food, and crops. The unit was led by General Shirō Ishii and received strong support from the Japanese military. An estimated 14,000 people were killed by human experimentation in the facility itself. Its activities included...
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