Tibet (1912–1951)

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Tibet (Tibetan: བོད་, Wylie: Bod) was a de facto independent state in East Asia that lasted from the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912 until its annexation by the People's Republic of China in 1951. The Ganden Phodrang based in Central Tibet was a protectorate under Qing rule. In 1912 the provisional government of the Republic of China (ROC) succeeded the Qing and received an imperial edict inheriting the claims over all of its territories. The newly formed ROC was unable to assert consistent authority in remote areas such as Tibet however. The 13th Dalai Lama declared that Tibet's relationship with China ended with the fall of the Qing dynasty and proclaimed independence, although almost no country formally recognized this. During the 1910s, the British and Russian empires, both vying for influence in Tibet, attempted to form an agreement with China regarding the region's status, but no consensus was reached. After the 13th Dalai Lama's death in 1933, the Kuomintang-ruled Nationalist...

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