Umbri

Common card · No. 345552

The Umbri were an ancient Iron Age Italic people of central Italy who spoke the extinct Umbrian, a language belonging to the Osco-Umbrian branch, an Indo-European subfamily that also includes the Oscan languages. Originally, they inhabited central Italy, extending from the Tiber River, across the Apennines, towards the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coasts. The Umbrians lived in fortified settlements situated in strategic locations, such as hilltops (oppida), built between the 9th and 4th centuries BC, and worshipped deities such as Iuve Grabovio, Cupra, and Mart at sanctuaries located on high grounds. Their language is known from roughly thirty inscriptions, most notably the Iguvine Tablets (seven bronze tablets discovered in Gubbio from the 3rd to 1st centuries BC) detailing religious rituals. The Umbri wrote using both an Etruscan-derived alphabet and the Latin alphabet. They first came into contact with Rome around 310 BC, saw their territory gradually subjugated through the 3rd and 2nd centuries...

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