Proportional representation

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Proportional representation (PR) is achieved by any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The party make-up of the elected representatives reflects the party make-up of the votes cast. The concept applies to representation of political parties and also other divisions of voters. The term is used for any of the various electoral systems that produce proportional representation. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast, or at least a large proportion, are used to elect someone and that each representative in an assembly is elected by a roughly equal number of votes, and thus all (or most) votes have equal weight. Under other election systems, a slight majority in a district – or even just a minority of votes when it forms a plurality – is all that is needed to elect a member or group of members. PR systems provide balanced representation to different factions, usually defined by parties, reflecting how votes were cast...

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