Compartment syndrome
Increased pressure in a body compartment
Compartment syndrome
Compartment syndrome is a serious medical condition in which increased pressure within a body compartment compromises blood flow and tissue function, potentially leading to permanent damage if not promptly treated. There are two types: acute and chronic. Acute compartment syndrome can lead to a loss of the affected limb due to tissue death. Symptoms of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) include severe pain, decreased blood flow, decreased movement, numbness, and a pale limb. It is most often due to physical trauma, such as a bone fracture (up to 75% of cases) or a crush injury. It can also occur after blood flow returns following a period of poor circulation. Diagnosis is clinical, based on symptoms, not a specific test. However, it may be supported by measuring the pressure inside the compartment. It is classically described by pain out of proportion to the injury, or pain with passive stretching of the muscles. Normal compartment pressure should be 12–18 mmHg; higher is abnormal and needs...
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