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Poincaré conjecture
Theorem in geometric topology
Poincaré conjecture
In the mathematical field of geometric topology, the Poincaré conjecture (UK: , US: , French: [pwɛ̃kaʁe]) is a theorem about the characterization of the 3-sphere (the hypersphere that bounds the 4-ball in four-dimensional space). Originally conjectured by Henri Poincaré in 1904, the theorem concerns spaces that locally look like ordinary three-dimensional Euclidean space but which are finite in extent. Poincaré hypothesized that if such a space has the additional property that each loop in the space can be continuously tightened to a point, then it is necessarily a three-dimensional sphere. Attempts to resolve the conjecture drove much progress in the field of geometric topology during the 20th century. The eventual proof built upon Richard S. Hamilton's program of using the Ricci flow to solve the problem. By developing a number of new techniques and results in the theory of Ricci flow, Grigori Perelman modified and completed Hamilton's program. In papers posted to the arXiv repository...
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