Kalvari-class submarine (2015)

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The Kalvari-class submarines (lit. 'Tiger shark'), formally classified as the Project-75 submarines (P-75), is a class of diesel-electric attack submarines operated by the Indian Navy (IN). Built by a syndicate of French and Indian shipyards, namely, Naval Group and Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) respectively, the class is an export derivative of the French-origin Scorpène-class submarine, originally designed by Naval Group. A namesake of the former Foxtrot-class submarines that the IN operated between 1967 and 2010, the class was originally planned in the late-1990s as an initial phase of a 30-year long naval rearmament roadmap to replace the IN's conventional submarine fleet, namely the Sindhughosh and Shishumar-class submarines. India's Ministry of Defence (MoD) placed an order of six submarines in 2005, at a cost of ₹23,562 crore (equivalent to ₹870 billion or US$9.1 billion in 2026). The final submarine entered service on 15 January 2025. First introduced to operational service in 2017...

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