Vehicle inspection in the United States
By-state vehicle-safety and emissions inspection
Vehicle inspection in the United States
In the United States, vehicle safety inspection and emissions inspection are governed by each state individually. Twelve states have a periodic (annual or biennial) safety inspection program, while Maryland requires a safety inspection and Alabama requires a VIN inspection on sale or transfer of vehicles which were previously registered in another state. Maryland also requires a safety inspection prior to the sale or transfer of ownership of a pre-owned vehicle. Seven states require periodic emissions inspections statewide, and eighteen additional states require periodic emissions inspections only for vehicles registered in heavily-polluted areas. In 1977, the federal Clean Air Act was amended by Congress to require states to implement vehicle emissions inspection programs, known as I/M programs (for Inspection and Maintenance), in all major metropolitan areas whose air quality failed to meet certain federal standards. New York's program started in 1982, California's program (Smog Check...
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