Random variable

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A random variable (also called random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable) is a mathematical formalization of a quantity or object which depends on random events. The term 'random variable' in its mathematical definition refers to neither randomness nor variability but instead is a mathematical function in which the domain is the set of possible outcomes in a sample space (e.g. the set { H , T } {\displaystyle \{H,T\}} (which are the possible upper sides of a flipped coin heads H {\displaystyle H} or tails T {\displaystyle T} as the result from tossing a coin); and the range is a measurable space (e.g. corresponding to the domain above, the range might be the set { − 1 , 1 } {\displaystyle \{-1,1\}} if say heads...

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