Unification of Nepal

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The Unification of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको एकीकरण, romanized: Nēpālakō ēkīkaraṇa) was the historical process of military conquest, strategic diplomacy, and state-building through which the Hill Kingdom of Gorkha unified dozens of fragmented kingdoms into the sovereign state of modern Nepal. Initiated in 1743 CE (1799 BS) by King Prithvi Narayan Shah upon his ascension to the Gorkha throne, the unification campaign spanned over seven decades, concluding after the Anglo-Nepalese War with the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816 CE (1872 BS), which established the nation's formal international boundaries. Prior to the campaign, the Himalayan region was divided among scores of warring kingdoms. These included the prosperous Malla kingdoms of the Kathmandu Valley, the Chaubisi Rajya (24 kingdoms) of the Gandaki basin, the Baise Rajya (22 kingdoms) of the Karnali region, and various chiefdoms in the east. Motivated by economic objectives, control over lucrative trans-Himalayan trade routes to Tibet, and...

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