Semiconductor device fabrication
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to manufacture semiconductor devices, typically integrated circuits (ICs) such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, and memories (such as RAM and flash memory). It is a multiple-step photolithographic and physico-chemical process, with steps such as thermal oxidation, thin-film deposition, ion implantation, and etching, during which electronic circuits are gradually created on a wafer, typically made of pure single-crystal semiconducting material. These processing steps are repeated in different sequences to form the device structure and the interconnection required for an integrated circuits. Silicon is almost always used, but various compound semiconductors are used for specialized applications. Steps such as etching and photolithography can be used to manufacture other devices, such as LCD and OLED displays. The fabrication process is performed in highly specialized semiconductor fabrication plants, also called foundries or "fabs...
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